Photosynthesis is
a chemical process that uses sunlight
to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, usually releasing oxygen
as a byproduct. Land plants are the most widely known photoautotrophs (they produce energy
from sunlight), along with algae and
certain bacteria. Though only a handful of organisms use photosynthesis, all
life on earth depends on this process. Cyanobacteria first appeared 3,000,000,000
years ago, and gradually oxygenated the
planet, allowing complex aerobic (oxygen-breathing)
organisms to evolve. Likewise, photoautotrophs serve as the basic terrestrial
food source.